Update 2's nuclear tier will let you make a huge leap in power capacity. 150MW are rookie numbers, according to the Coffee Stain Studios. Your factories will also produce waste, and apparently factory builders will have "complete" freedom to deal with that delicious green sludge however they like. But watch out, because all that waste, and any uranium-based products you create, will be radioactive. Hazmat suits will be available, but they're not a proper solution. I'm sure you'll be fine.
Less dangerous are the new electric locomotives that let you shoot around your massive factory complex at lightning-fast speeds. Building your rail network looks like it will take some doing, though, and it won't be cheap. You'll need to place tracks manually, using switches to create more complex transportation webs, and you'll need plenty of resources to get started. The tracks also transport electricity, however, so you can use them to power factories and outposts.
Along with trains and nuclear power, there's bauxite and aluminium, which let you build more advanced parts, and improved miners and conveyor belts that are faster and more efficient. You won't start out with them, though, but they're something to work towards.
Finally, there are new biomes, specifically for the end-game. There are swamp and bamboo fields that are good places to build outposts, and then there's a jungle that you'll probably get lost in. Expect them to be a pretty trickier to work in than the earlier areas.
Update 2 is live now. Check out the full patch notes here.